2023年度12月四级试卷热门11篇（全文完整）

2023年12月四级试卷第1篇表示我，、你、他、我们、你们、他们等的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词的用法1)人称代词主格的用法a)作主语Iama(炊事员)Wearecooks，Yo下面是小编为大家整理的12月四级试卷热门11篇,供大家参考。

12月四级试卷热门11篇

2023年12月四级试卷第1篇

表示"我"，、"你"、"他"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"等的词，叫做人称代词。

人称代词的用法

1)人称代词主格的用法

a)作主语

I am a (炊事员) We are cooks，

You are a (教师) You are

He is a (理发员) The yare

She is a (护士)The yare

It is a (大车) They are

b)作表语

It"s I .是我。

Oh，it"s 噢，是你。

[注一]第一人称单数人称代词I (我)永远要大写。(见上面例句)

[注二]口语习惯上不说it"s I (he, she等)，而说It"s me (him，her等)。

2)人称代词宾格的用法

a)作及物动词的宾语

The dog bit 那只狗咬了他。

Our teacher taught us to swim 我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。

This is my new Do you like it ?这是我的新帽子，你喜欢吗?

b)作介词的宾语

My brother often writes 我弟弟常给我写信。

They took good care of 他们无微不至地照料我们。

3)人称代词的其他用法各人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外，还有下列一些特殊用法：

a)报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I (同样用our代替my)。如：

We believe that China will make still greater progress in 我们相信中国的造船业将会有更大的发展。

In our opinion this is the best film of the 我们认为这是今年最好的影片。

b)用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等，以表示亲切和爱抚。如：

That"s the picture of the Dongfeng; she is a 10,000 - ton class ocean - 那是万吨远洋货轮东风号的照片。

The dog waved his tail when he saw his 那狗看见主人就摇尾巴。

c)北有时可用来代替小孩(child)和婴儿(baby)。如：

The child smiled when it saw its 小孩见到母亲就笑了。

d) they可用来代替一般的人，特别在"they say"中。如：

They say there"s going to be another good harvest this 人们说今年又是个丰收年。

2023年12月四级试卷第2篇

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend whowants to learn Please recommend a place to You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

t II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

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Section A News Report

Directions：
In this section, you will hear three news At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three Both the news report and the questions willbe spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) The number of male nurses has gone

B) There is discrimination against male

C) There is a growing shortage of medical

D) The number of nurses has dropped to a record

A) Working

B) Educational

C) Inadequate

D) Cultural

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) He fell out of a

B) He was almost

C) He lost his way on a

D) He enjoyed swimming in the

A) The lifeboats patrol the area round the

B) The beach is a good place to watch the

C) The emergency services are

D) The beach is a popular tourist

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) It climbed 25 storeys at one

B) It broke into an office

C) It escaped from a local

D) It became an online

A) Release it into the

B) Return it to its

C) Send it back to the

D) Give it a physical

A) A racoon can perform acts no human

B) A racoon can climb much higher than a

C) The racoon did something no politician

D) The raccoon became as famous as some

Section B Conversation

Directions：
In this section, you will hear two long At the end of eachconversations you will hear four Both the conversations and the question-s willbe spoken only After you hear a You must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) She received a bonus

B) She got a well-paying job in a

C She received her first monthly

D) She got a pay raise for her

A) Two decades

B) Several years

C) Just last

D) Right after

A) He sent a small check to his

B) He treated his parents to a nice

C) He took a few of his friends to a

D) He immediately deposited it in a

A) Join her colleagues for gym

B) Visit her former university

C) Buy some professional

D) Budget her salary

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) He has just too many things to attend

B) He has been overworked

C) He has a difficult decision to

D) He has just quarreled with his

A) Turn to his girlfriend for

B) Give priority to things more

C) Think twice before making the

D) Seek advice from his family and

A) His girlfriend does not support his

B) He is not particularly keen on the job

C) He lacks the money for his doctoral

D) His parents and advisor have different

A)They need time to make

B) They haven"t started their careers

C) They need to save enough money for

D) They haven"t won their parents"

Section C Passage

Directions：
In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) Expressing ideas and opinions

B) Enriching social and intellectual

C) Acquiring information and professional

D) Using information to understand and solve

A) Traveling to different places in the

B) Playing games that challenge one"s

C) Improving mind-reading

D) Reading classic scientific

A) Participate in debates or

B) Expose themselves to different

C) Discard personal biases and

D) Give others freedom to express

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) Why dogs can be faithful friends of

B) The nature of relationships between

C) The reason a great many people love

D) How dogs feel about their bonds with

A) They behave like other animals in many

B) They have an unusual sense of

C) They can respond to humans"

D) They can fall in love just like

A) They stay with one partner for

B) They have their own joys and

C) They experience true romantic

D) They help humans in various

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) A rare

B) A historical

C) A cow

D) A precious

A) Dating

B) Preserving

C) Measuring

D) Identifying

A) The channel needs to interview the

B) The boy should have called an

C) The boy"s family had acted

D) The site should have been

A) Conduct a more detailed

B) Ask the university to reward

C) Search for similar fossils

D) Seek additional funds for the

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passagewith ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choicesgiven in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than

Finally, some good news about airplane If you are on a plane with a sickpassenger, you are unlikely to get That is the __26__ of a new study that lookedat how respiratory (呼吸道) viruses __27__ on Researchers found that onlypeople who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, for example -- orone row in front of or behind that individual -- had a high risk of catching the Allother passengers had only a very __28__ chance of getting sick, according to Media reports have not necessarily presented __29__ information about the riskof getting infected on an airplane in the Therefore, these new findings should helpairplane passengers to feel less __30__ to catching respiratory infections while travelingby

Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting __31__ infected bycommon respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, theresearchers So, to __32__ the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different __33__ in the during the flu The researchers found thatpassengers sitting within two seats on __34__ side of a person infected with the flu, aswell as those sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance of getting But other passengers were __35__ safe from They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the

A) accurate

B) conclusion

C) directly

D) either

E) evaluate

F) explorations

G) flights

H) largely

I) nearby

J) respond

K) slim

L) spread

M) summit

N) vividly

O) vulnerable

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphsIdentify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose aparagraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?

A) Along with old classics like "carrots give you night vision" and "Santa doesn"t bringtoys to misbehaving children", one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parentseverywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the Many of us grow upbelieving that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake, even if only two thirds of adults inthe UK eat breakfast regularly, according to the British Dietetic Association, and aroundthree-quarters of

B) "The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night," explains diet specialist Sarah "Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy, as well as make up for protein and calcium used throughout the " But there"swidespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in thehierarchy (等级) of There have been concerns around the sugar content of cerealand the food industry"s involvement in pro-breakfast research -- and even one claimfrom an academic that breakfast is "dangerous".

C) What"s the reality? Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tactic bycereal companies? The most researched aspect of breakfast(and breakfast-skipping) hasbeen its links to Scientists have different theories as to why there"s arelationship between the In one US study that analysed the health data of 50,000 people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largestmeal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those whoate a large lunch or The researchers argued that breakfast helps reduce dailycalorie intake and improve the quality of our diet -- since breakfast foods are oftenhigher in fibre and

D) But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the cause -- or ifbreakfast-skippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin To find out, researchers designed a study in which 52 obese women took part in a 12-week weightloss All had the same number of calories over the day, but half hadbreakfast, while the other half did What they found was that it wasn"t breakfast itselfthat caused the participants to lose weight: it was changing their normal

E) If breakfast alone isn"t a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link betweenobesity and breakfast-skipping? Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research atthe University of Aberdeen, argues that it may simply be because breakfast-skippershave been found to be less knowledgeable about nutrition and "There are a lotof studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and possible health outcomes, but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually have health-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking," she

F) A 20XX review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast andweight management concluded there is "limited evidence" supporting or refuting (反驳) the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence isrequired before breakfast recommendations can be used to help prevent

G) Researches from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are halfwaythrough research looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influencesbody Early findings suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to Breakfast has been found to affect more than just Skipping breakfasthas been associated with a 27% increased risk of heart disease, a 21% higher risk oftype 2 diabetes in men, and a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in Onereason may be breakfast"s nutritional value -- partly because cereal is fortified (增加营养价值) with In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in theUK, researchers found that the fibre and micronutrient intake was better in those whohad breakfast There have been similar findings in Australia, Brazil, Canada andthe

H) Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentrationand language A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improvememory, though the effects on other brain functions were However, oneof the review"s researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there is "reasonable" evidencebreakfast does improve concentration -- there just needs to be more "Lookingat studies that tested concentration, the number of studies showing a benefit wasexactly the same as the number that found no benefit," she "And no studies foundthat eating breakfast was bad for "

I) What"s most important, some argue, is what we eat for High-proteinbreakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food andconsumption later in the day, according to research by the Australian CommonwealthScientific and Industrial Research While cereal remains a firm favouriteamong breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugarcontent of "adult" breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, and sugarwas the second or third highest ingredient in

J) But some research suggests if we"re going to eat sugary foods, it"s best to do it One study recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where halfadded dessert to their breakfast, and half didn" Those who added dessert lost anaverage of 40 pounds more -- however, the study was unable to show the A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type ofbreakfast is healthier, and concluded that the type of breakfast doesn"t matter as muchas simply eating

K) While there"s no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating andwhen, the consensus is that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when we" "Breakfast is most important for people who are hungry when they wake up," Johnstone "Each body starts the day differently -- and those individual differencesneed to be researched more closely," Spitznagel "A balanced breakfast is reallyhelpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave bloodsugar stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels," "Breakfast isn"t the only meal we should be getting "

According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness ofnutrition and

Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food

Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the

It has been found that not cating breakfast is related to the incidence of certaindiseases in some

Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast itself thatinduced weight

To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what

It is widely considered wrong not to eat

More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or

Pecople who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher

Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memorise and

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three When the passage isread for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general the passageis read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact wordsyou have just Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you shouldcheck what you have

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following

Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in Textbookpublisher Pearson is the largest publisher -- of any kind -- in the

It costs about $1 million to create a new A freshman textbook will have dozensof contributors, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expertreviewers and classroom Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors andstudents in ways that alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and open educationalresources, simply do This connection happens not only by means of collaborativedevelopment, review and testing, but also at conferences where faculty regularly decideon their textbooks and curricula for the coming

It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to studentsrenting or buying used print But this can be chalked up to the excessivelyhigh cost of their books -- which has increased over 1,000 percent since Arestructuring of the textbook industry may well be in But this does not mean theend of the textbook

While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or Forexample, over the centuries, they have simulated (模拟) dialogues in a number of From 1800 to the present day, textbooks have done this by posing questions for studentsto answer inductively (归纳性地). That means students are asked to use their individualexperience to come up with answers to general Today"s psychology texts, forexample, ask: "How much of your personality do you think you inherited?" while ones inphysics say: "How can you predict where the ball you tossed will land?"

Experts observe that "textbooks come in layers, something like an " For an activelearner, engaging with a textbook can be an interactive Readers proceed attheir own They "customize" their books by engaging with different layers Highlighting, Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques allow for furthercustomization that students value in print books over digital forms of

What does the passage say about open educational resources?

A) They contribute to teaching as much as to

B) They don"t profit as much as traditional textbooks

C) They can"t connect professors and students as textbooks

D) They compete fercely for customers with textbook

What is the main cause of the publishers" losses?

A) Failure to meet student

B) Industry

C) Emergence of

D) Flling

What does the textbook industry need to do?

A) Reform its

B) Cut its retail

C) Find replacements for printed

D) Change its business strategy

What are students expected to do in the learning process?

A) Think carefully before answering each

B) Ask questions based on their own

C) Answer questions using their personal

D) Give answers showing their respective

What do experts say about students using textbooks?

A) They can digitalize the prints

B) They can leam in an interactive

C) They can purchase custonized

D) They can adapt the material

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them intotwo distinct groups: one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food tomake its Well, those dividing lines come crashing down with the discovery of asea slug (海蛞蝓) that"s truly half animal and half It"s pretty incredible how it hasmanaged to hijack the genes of the algae (藻类) on which it

The slugs can manufacture chlorophyll, the green pigment (色素) in plants thatcaptures energy from sunlight, and hold these genes within their The termkleptoplasty is used to describe the practice of using hijacked genes to create nutrientsfrom And so far, this green sea slug is the only known animal that can be trulyconsidered solar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some plant-like Many scientists have studied the green sea slugs to confirm that they are actually able tocreate energy from

In fact, the slugs use the genetic material so well that they pass it on to their Their babies retain the ability to produce their own chlorophyll, thoughthey can"t generate energy from sunlight until they"ve eaten enough algae to steal thenecessary genes, which they can"t yet produce on their

"There"s no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell," says Sidney Pierce from the University of South "And yet here, they Theyallow the animal to rely on sunshine for its So if something happens to theirfood source, they have a way of not starving to death until they find more algae to "

The sea slugs are so good at gathering energy from the sun that they can live up to ninemonths without having to eat any They get all their nutritional needs met by thegenes that they"ve hijacked from the

What is the distinctive feature of a sea slug?

A) It looks like both a plant and an

B) It converts some sea animals into

C) It lives half on animals and half on

D) It gets energy from both food and

What enables the sea slug to live like a plant?

A) The genes it captures from the sea plant

B) The mechanism by which it conserves

C) The nutrients it hjacks from other

D) The green pigment it inberits from its

What does the author say about baby sea slugs?

A) They can live without sunlight for a long

B) They can absorb sunlight right after their

C) They can survive without algac for quite some

D) They can produce chlorophyl on their

What does Sidney Pierce say about genes fom an alga?

A) They are stolen from animals like the sea

B) They can"t function unless exposed to

C) They don"t usually function inside animal

D) They can readily be converted to sca slug

What do we learn about sea slugs from the passage?

A) They behave the way most plant species

B) They can survive for months without

C) They will turn into plants when they

D) They will starve to death without

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chineseinto You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet

中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。

2023年12月四级试卷第3篇

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to besthandle the relationship between teachers and You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

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Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three Both the news report and the questions willbe spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) It tries entertain its

B) It tries to look into the

C) It wants to catch people"s

D) It has got one of its limbs

A) It was spotted by animal protection

B) It was filmed by a local television

C) Its videos Were posted on social

D) Its picture won a photography

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) The distance

B) The incidence of road

C) The spending on

D) The number of people

A) Fewer people are

B) Gas consumption is

C) Job growth is slowing

D) Rush-hour traffic is

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) He told a stranger the sad story about

B) He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his

C) He went up to a stranger and pulled at his

D) He washed a stranger"s car in return for some

A) He ordered a lot of food for his

B) He gave him a job at his own

C) He raised a large sum of money for

D) He offered him a scholarship for

A) He works hard to support his

B) He is an excellent student at

C) He is very good at making up

D) He has been disabled since

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) Attended an economics

B) Taken a walk on Charles

C) Had a drink at Queen

D) Had dinner at a new

A) Treat a college friend to

B) Make preparations for a

C) Attend his brothers birthday

D) Visit some of his high school

A) Gather statistics for his

B) Throw a surprise birthday

C) Meet with Jonathan"s friends on the

D) Join him in his brother"s birthday

A) By

B) By

C) By

D) By

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) Taking a vacation

B) Reviewing for his last

C) Saving enough money for a rainy

D) Finding a better way to earn

A) Preparing for his final

B) Negotiating with his boss for a

C) Working part time as a

D) Helping the woman with her

A) Finish her term

B) Save enough

C) Learn a little bit of

D) Ask her parent"s

A) He has rich sailing

B) He speaks Spanish

C) He is also eager to go to

D) He is easy to get along

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) She went to the same university as her

B) She worked as a nurse in the First World

C) She won the Nobel Prize two

D) She was also a Nobel Prize

A) She fought bravely in a series of military

B) She developed X-ray facilities for military

C) She helped to set up several military

D) She made donations to save wounded

A) Both died of blood

B) Both fought in World War

C) Both won military

D) Both married their

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) They were the first settlers in

B) They were the conquerors of

C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth

D) They settled on a small island north of

A) It was some five hundred miles west of

B) It was covered with green most time of the

C) It was the Vikings" most important

D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with

A) The Vikings" ocean

B) The making of European

C) The Vikings" everyday

D) The Europeans" Arctic

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) Work hard for a better

B) Make mistakes now and

C) Dream about the

D) Save against a rainy

A) Teach foreign languages for the rest of his

B) Change what he has for his past imaginary

C) Exchange his two-story house for a beach

D) Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when

A) Criminal

B) City

C) Oriental

D) International

A) Dream and make

B) Take things easy in

C) Be content with what you

D) Enjoy whatever you are

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passagewith ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choicesgiven in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through You may not use any of the words in the bank more than

Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the During this decade new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, andcommunication became commonplace in the The driving force behind much ofthis change was a(n) 26 popularly known as the

The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of In the caseof an attack, military advisers suggested the 27 of being able to operate one computerfrom another In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists tocommunicate with other The Internet 28 under government control

One early problem faced by Internet users was Phone lines could only transmitinformation at a 29 The development of fiber-optic (光纤) cables allowed for billionsof bits of information to be received every Companies like Intel developed fastermicroprocessors, so personal computers could process the 30 signals at a more

In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, for 31 created home pages where they could place text and graphics tosell Soon airline tickets, hotel 32 , and even cars and homes could bepurchased Universities 33 research data on the Internet, so students could find 34 information without leaving their Companies soon discovered that workcould be done at home and 35 online, so a whole new class of telecommuters began toearn a living from home offices unshaven and wearing pajamas (睡衣).

A) advantage B) commercial C) conservation D) equipped E) incoming F) innovationG) limited H) local I) maintained J) occupations K) posted L) remained M) reservationsN) submitted O) valuable

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to Each statement contains information given in one of the Identify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose aparagraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

The Health Benefits of Knitting

A) About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting I agreed to give it a

B) My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college andfor a few years Then decades passed without my touching a knitting But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also oncrocheting (钩织), and I was on my way to becoming a highly productive

C) I"ve made countless baby blankets, sweaters, scarves, hats, caps for I takea knitting project with me everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and As Idiscovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here

D) It seems, too, that I"m part of a national renewal of interest in needle and otherhandicrafts (手工艺). The Craft Yarn Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or Even men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among themmy friend"s three small Last April, the council created a "Stitch Away Stress" campaign in honor of National Stress Awareness Herbert Benson, a pioneerin mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitiveaction of needlework can induce a relaxed state like that associated with meditation(沉思) and Once you get beyond the initial learning curve, knitting and crochetingcan lower heart rate and blood

E) But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful productsthat can enhance I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on mycellphone to boost my spirits when

F) Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters andcrocheters, who routinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities"main Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reportedthat during the baby"s five weeks in the intensive care unit, "learning how to knit infanthats gave me a sense of purpose during a time that I felt very It"s a hobbythat I"ve stuck with, and it continues to help me cope with stress at work, provide asense of order in hectic (忙乱的) days, and allow my brain time to solve "

G) A recent email from the yarn (纺纱) company Red Heart titled "Health Benefits ofCrocheting and Knitting" prompted me to explore what else might be known about thehealth value of activities like My research revealed that the rewards go wellbeyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of

H) For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapyprograms, including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal forpeople coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calmingeffect and enhance social And having to follow instructions on complex craftprojects can improve children"s math

I) Some people find that craftwork helps them control their Just as it"schallenging to smoke while knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there"sless snacking and mindless eating out of

J) I"ve found that my handiwork with yarn has helped my arthritic (患关节炎的) fingersremain more dexterous (灵巧的) as I A woman encouraged to try knitting andcrocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand painreported on the Craft Yarn Council site that her hands are now less stiff and

K) A 20XX University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder whowere taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened their fears and kept themfrom thinking about their

L) Betsan Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book Knit forHealth & Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of whatshe calls therapeutic Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who wereclinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very In a studyof 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Corkhill and colleagues reported thatknitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of Shesuggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities likeknitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain Perhapsmost exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may helpto keep off a decline in brain function with In a 20XX study, researchers led by Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random (随机的) sample of1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively (在认知方面) normal, about thecognitive activities they engaged in late in The study, published in the Journal ofNeuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in craftslike knitting and crocheting had a diminished chance of developing mild cognitivedisorder and memory

M) Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursuesuch activities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not showsimilar The researchers speculate that craft activities promote thedevelopment of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive

N) In support of that suggestion, a 20XX study by Denise Park of the University ofTexas at Dallas and colleagues demonstrated that learning to knit or do digitalphotography enhanced memory function in older Those who engaged inactivities that were not intellectually challenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such

O) Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a longlife, those wishing to maximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a groupof like-minded I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting of my

When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped

Knitting can help people stay away from

Even men and children are now joining the army of

Being a member of a crafts group enhances one"s health and prolongs one"s

Knitting diverts people"s attention from their

The author learnt to knit as a teenager, but it was not until she was much older thatshe became keenly

When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer

Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve

According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild

The products of knitting can increase one"s sense of

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the

Passage One

Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following

Nobody really knows how big Lagos What"s indisputable is that it"s growing Between now and 20XX, the urban population of Africa could Yet cities insub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world Most urban Africans live in slums (贫民窟); migrants are often not much better off thanthey were in the Why?

The immediate problem is Most of Africa is urbanising at a lower level ofincome than other regions of the world That means there"s little money around forinvestment that would make cities liveable and more Without upgrades andnew capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with With the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Traffic jam leads to expense andunpredictability, things that keep investors

In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialisationwent More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feedcities; in turn, that created a pool of labour for But African cities are They are too often built around consuming natural Government isconcentrated in capitals, so is the Most urban Africans work for a smallminority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cronyish (有裙带关系的) businesses or Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive, food isimported, consuming a portion of

So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities InLagos, foreign oil workers can pay as much as $65,000 per year in rent for a modestapartment in a safe part of If that income were better taxed, it might provide therevenue for better If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them Yet even as new roads are built, new people When a city"s population grows by 5% a year, it is difficult to

What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?

A) They have more slums than other cities in the

B) They are growing fast without becoming

C) They are as modernised as many cities

D) They attract migrants who want to be better

What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?

A) It benefited from the contribution of

B) It started when people"s income was relatively

C) It benefited from the accelerated rise in

D) It started with the improvement of peopled

Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?

A) It lacks adequate transport

B) The living expenses there are too

C) It is on the whole too densely

D) The local governments are

In what way does the author say African cities are different?

A) They have attracted huge numbers of farm

B) They still rely heavily on agricultural

C) They have developed at the expense of

D) They depend far more on foreign

What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?

A) Lowering of apartment

B) Better education for

C) More rational overall

D) A more responsible

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

For the past several decades, it seems there"s been a general consensus on how to getahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?

The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount ofcontrol over their ability to be Overwhelmingly, the results show that today， the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite differentthan it did in the late 20th

By and large, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces—were thedeciding factor in how their lives turned But respondents had decidedly mixedfeelings about what actions make for a better life in the current

In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power ofeducation to lead to Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievablegoal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a four-year collegeeducation in order to be

Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master"s degree and works in public health, was the first inhis family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financialstability his parents and grandparents never

While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the educationitself, others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and neverearned a college degree, thinks "personal drive" is far more important than just going To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-schooleducation, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessaryingredients for a successful life in

It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have .

A) an advanced academic degree

B) an ambition to get ahead

C) a firm belief in their dream

D) a sense of drive and purpose

What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the Americandream?

A) More and more Americans are finding it hard to

B) It remains alive among the majority of American

C) Americans" idea of it has changed over the past few

D) An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning

What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?

A) It still remains open to

B) It has proved to be beyond

C) It is no longer as important as it used to

D) It is much better understood now than

How do some people view college education these days?

A) It promotes gender

B) It needs to be

C) It adds to cultural

D) It helps broaden their

What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?

A) A desire to learn and to

B) A strong sense of

C) A willingness to commit

D) A clear aim and high

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chineseinto You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet

华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿的人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的药草。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。

2023年12月四级试卷第4篇

Part Ⅰ Writing

Mutual Understanding Is Most Important

When we talk about the relationship between doctors and patients, what comes into mymind is generally negative However, I believe there is a way for doctors andpatients to get along harmoniously—that is mutual

On the one hand, patients are helpless and worried when they go to Sodoctor"s attitude or response is critically important for them and their On theother hand, doctors have to face so many patients every day that they even have no timeto take a Such a high intensity of work could drive a man Thus, if they canstand in each other"s shoes, most problems could be Otherwise, a doctor"s briefconclusion about the condition of patients might be regarded as cold blood and result

Nowadays, much effort has been made to case the tension of But I think the most effective one is mutual understanding and

Part II Listening Comprehension

说明：由于20XX年12月四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：GLFOC EMNJB

36-45：HDOMB LKJGF

46-55：BADCA CCBDA

Part IV Translation

Located in southern Anhui province in eastern China, Huangshan is known for its uniquenatural scenery, particularly sunrises and sea of To appreciate the magnificenceof the mountain, you have to look upward in most cases; while to enjoy the fascinatinglandscape of Huangshan, you"ve got to look The humid climate of the areaoffers favorable conditions for tea trees to grow, which makes the surrounding area ofHuangshan one of the major producers of The mountain is also home to numeroushot springs, which are helpful for preventing skin As one of the top touristdestinations in China, Huangshan represents the most popular theme of photographicworks and traditional Chinese

2023年12月四级试卷第5篇

Part Ⅰ Writing

Teacher-student Relationship Is NeverComplex

The relationship between teachers and students has been hotly discussed in recent yearsin China, for more and more attention is paid to Today I would like to sharesome tips on how to get along well with teachers from students"

First and foremost, make a good first impression on your As the saying goes, well begun is half A good first impression is important for teachers to rememberyour name among your fellow Secondly, study hard and be active in Astudent who loves studying and cooperates with teachers in class can definitely impressteachers Finally, communicate with your teachers often after class so that youcould make good friends with

To conclude, teacher-student relationship is never complex if you could have excellentacademic performance, be cooperative in class or make friends with your

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

D) It has got one of its limbs

C) Its videos Were posted on social

A) The distance

D) Rush-hour traffic is

B) He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his

C) He raised a large sum of money for

B) He is an excellent student at

A) Attended an economics

C) Attend his brothers birthday

D) Join him in his brother"s birthday

B) By

A) Taking a vacation

C) Working part time as a

B) Save enough

A) He has rich sailing

D) She was also a Nobel Prize

B) She developed X-ray facilities for military

A) Both died of blood

C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth

D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with

A) The Vikings" ocean

C) Dream about the

B) Change what he has for his past imaginary

D) International

C) Be content with what you

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：FALGE BMKON

36-45：CHDOL BIFLE

46-55：BBACD ACCDD

Part IV Translation

Mount Hua is located in Huayin City (Shaanxi, China), 120 kilometers away from Xi" Itis part of the Qin Mountains, which divide not only northern and southern Shaanxi, butalso south and north Unlike Mount Tai that used to be frequented by pilgrims, Mount Hua was not well visited by pilgrims as the roads up the mountain wereextremely Back then, however, those who wished to enjoy longevityventured in Mount Hua quite a lot because numerous herbs, rare ones in particular, grew in the Since cable cars were installed in Mount Hua in the 1990s, thenumber of visitors has increased

2023年12月四级试卷第6篇

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to besthandle the relationship between doctors and You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passagewith ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choicesgiven in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through You may not use any of the words in the bank more than

We all know there exists great void (空白) in the public educational system when itcomes to 26 to STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering Mathematics) Oneeducator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this Doritaught high school engineering for 11 She noticed there was a real void in qualitySTEM education at all 27 of the public educational She said, "I startedEngineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineeringprograms to 28 my own kids "

She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29 in The club grew quickly and when it reached 180 members and the kids inthe program won several state 30 , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and31 The global business EFK was

Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to 32 recreation Today, the EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within theUnited States and in 21 Sales have doubled from $5 million in 20XX to $10 million in 20XX, with 25 new branches planned for The EFK website states, "Ournation is not 34 enough Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age tounderstand that engineering is a great 35 ."

A) attracted B) career C) championships D) degrees E) developing F) enroll G) exposureH) feasible I) feeding J) graduating K) interest L) levels M) local N) operates O) participated

Section B

Why aren"t you curious about what happened?

A)"You suspended Ray Rice after our video," a reporter from TMZ challenged NationalFootball League Commissioner Roger Goodell the other "Why didn"t you have thecuriosity to go to the casino (赌场) yourself?" The implication of the question is that amore curious commissioner would have found a way to get the

B) The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often, carrying the suggestion thatthere is something wrong with not wanting to search out the "I have beenbothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity," said a Democraticmember of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficientlyinquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie whochose not to ask hard question about the George Washington Bridge traffic "Isn"t the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?" wroteconservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americansin Benghazi,

C) The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack ofcuriosity is a Are such accusations simply efforts to score political points forone"s party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?

D) The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Knowand Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that the answer to that last question is "Yes". Leslie argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and that we are losing

E) We are suffering, he writes, from a "serendipity " The word "serendipity" wascoined by Horace Walpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who "werealways making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search " Leslieworries that the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, hasreduced our appetite for aimless No longer have we the inclination to letourselves wander through fields of knowledge, ready to be Instead, we seekonly the information we

F) Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovationand We will see unimaginative governments and dying corporationsmake disastrous We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as awhole so successful as a

G) Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as awhole is growing less In the and Europe, for example, the rise of theInternet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader"s But not everything is to be blamed on The decline in interest in literaryfiction is also one of the causes identified by Reading literary fiction, he says, make us more

H) Moreover, in order to be curious, "you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledgein the first " Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most ofus are unaware of how much we don"t know, he"s surely right to point out that theproblem is growing: "Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions havedefinite "

I) Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whippingbody (替罪羊). He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the "perfectsearch engine" will "understand exactly what I mean and give me back exactly what " Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: "Google aims to save you from the thirst ofcuriosity "

J) Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地), he quotes John Maynard Keynes"s justly famouswords of praise to the bookstore: "One should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, andallow what is there freely to attract and influence the To walk the rounds of thebookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoon"s " If only!

K) Citing the work of psychologists and cognitive (认知的) scientists, Leslie criticizes thereceived wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectualtalent and hard Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor—and a difficult one If not cultivated, it will not survive: "Childhood curiosity is acollaboration between child and The surest way to kill it is to leave it "

L) School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class That lack ofcuriosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult ifnot impossible to compensate for later on

M) Although Leslie"s book isn"t about politics, he doesn"t entirely shy away from Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should be Theyshould ask questions at crucial There are serious consequence, he warns, innot wanting to

N) He presents as an example the failure of the George Bush administration toprepare properly for the after-effects of the invasion of According to Leslie, thosewho ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 20XX remark that wehave to be wary of the "unknown unknowns" were Rumsfeld"s idea, Lesliewrites, " wasn"t absurd—it was " He adds, "The tragedy is that he didn"t follow hisown "

O) All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Each criticin those examples is charging, in a different way, that someone in authority isintentionally being I leave it to the reader"s political preference to decidewhich, if any, charges should But let"s be careful about demanding curiosityabout the other side"s weaknesses and remanding determinedly incurious about our We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake—even when what we findout is something we didn"t particularly want to

To be curious, we need to realize first of all that there are many things we don"

According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one"s

We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge"s

Political leaders" lack of curiosity will result in bad

There are often accusations about politicians" and the media"s lack of curiosity tofind out the truth

The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to

It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence

Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain

Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute topeople"s declining

Mankind wouldn"t be so innovative without

Section C

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following

Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of It wouldseem silly to call such a thing a ""

On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age aretwo different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heartdisease, cancer and many In that light, aging itself might be seen as somethingtreatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin

Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a Hesaid that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop

"It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry so that they can begintreating the disease and not just the side effects," he

"Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can"t control," he "In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they cantry to develop The medical community also takes aging for granted, andcan do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health "

But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, "It would attract funding and changethe way we do health What matters is understanding that aging is "

"It was always known that the body accumulates damage," he "The only way tocure aging is to find ways to repair that I think of it as preventive medicine forage-related "

Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the ideathat aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which someresearchers suggest is Hayflick is not among

"There"re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart But theycontinue to age, because aging is separate from their disease," Hayflick "Even ifthose causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 "

What do people generally believe about aging?

A) It should cause no alarm

B) They just cannot do anything about

C) It should be regarded as a kind of

D) They can delay it with advances in

How do many scientists view aging now?

A) It might be prevented and

B) It can be as risky as heart

C) It results from a vitamin

D) It is an irreversible biological

What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of "describing aging as a disease"?

A) It will prompt people to take aging more

B) It will greatly help reduce the side effects of

C) It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about

D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat

What do we learn about the medical community?

A) They now have a strong interest in research on

B) They differ from the academic circles in their view on

C) They can contribute to people"s health only to a limited

D) They have ways to intervene in people"s aging

What does professor Leonard Hayflick believe?

A) The human lifespan cannot be

B) Aging is hardly separable from

C) Few people live up to the age of

D) Heart disease is the major cause of

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely toreceive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male Christopher Intagliata

As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the Men score higherstarting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), and have better odds of being Studies show they"re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) And new research reveals that menare more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation,

"Say, you know, this is the best student I"ve ever had," says Kuheli Dutt, a socialscientist and diversity officer at Columbia University"s Lamont "Compare thoseexcellent letters with a merely good letter: "The candidate was productive, orintelligent, or a solid scientist or something that"s clearly solid praise," but nothing thatsingles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a "

Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation forpostdoctoral positions in They were all edited for gender and otheridentifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowingthe gender of the They found that female applicants were only half as likely toget outstanding letters, compared with their male That includes letters ofrecommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and Thefindings are in the journal Nature

Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of theapplicants using the data in the But she says the results still suggest women ingeoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careersstarting with those less than outstanding letters of

"We"re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone conscious Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues onimplicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even adiscipline " Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter

What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?

A) There are many more men applying than

B) Chances for women to get the positions are

C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of

D) Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female

What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?

A) Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching

B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender

C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM

D) Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often

What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?

A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete

B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the

C) They provide objective information without

D) They are often filled with praise for exceptional

What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters ofrecommendation?

A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate

B) They invited women professionals to edit

C) They assigned them randomly to

D) They deleted all information about

What does Dutt aim to do with her study?

A) Raise recommendation writers" awareness of gender bias in their

B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research

C) Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM

D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women"s status in academic

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet

黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生成，是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。

2023年12月四级试卷第7篇

英语四级考试分为四大部分，按顺序分别为：写作(15%)，听力(35%)，阅读(35%)以及翻译(15%)。下面是各个部分小题详细分值：

一、英语四级作文

说明：写作部分占整套试卷的15% 分

在这部分你要达到分为及格。

时间：30分钟

二、英语四级听力部分分

听力部分占整套试题的35%，除听力篇章外每个题都是分。

1、短篇新闻 7%少儿英语培训机构哪家好，王老师为什么这么喜欢抄写文章呢? 共7小题，每小题分。

2 、长对话 8% 8个题目每小题分。

3、听力篇章 20% 共10个小题，每小题分。

时间：外教英语口语培训多少钱，英语外教大概多少一节课25分钟。在这部分你要达到149分为及格，做对14个左右即可。

三、英语四级阅读理解 35% 分

阅读部分占整套试题的35%，选词填空每题分，其余每题都是分。

1、选词填空 5% 10个题，每小题分

2、长篇阅读 10% 10个题，每小题分。

3、仔细阅读 20% 10个题共2篇，一篇5个题，每小题分。

时间：40分钟在这部分你要达到149分为及格，做对18个左右即可。

英语四级翻译部分汉译英 15% 30分钟分。

2023年12月四级试卷第8篇

人称代词概说

表示"我"，、"你"、"他"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"等的词，叫做人称代词。

人称代词的用法

1)人称代词主格的用法

a)作主语

I am a (炊事员) We are cooks，

You are a (教师) You are

He is a (理发员) The yare

She is a (护士)The yare

It is a (大车) They are

b)作表语

It"s I .是我。

Oh，it"s 噢，是你。

[注一]第一人称单数人称代词I (我)永远要大写。(见上面例句)

[注二]口语习惯上不说it"s I (he, she等)，而说It"s me (him，her等)。

2)人称代词宾格的用法

a)作及物动词的宾语

The dog bit 那只狗咬了他。

Our teacher taught us to swim 我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。

This is my new Do you like it ?这是我的新帽子，你喜欢吗?

b)作介词的宾语

My brother often writes 我弟弟常给我写信。

They took good care of 他们无微不至地照料我们。

3)人称代词的其他用法各人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外，还有下列一些特殊用法：

a)报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I (同样用our代替my)。如：

We believe that China will make still greater progress in 我们相信中国的造船业将会有更大的发展。

In our opinion this is the best film of the 我们认为这是今年最好的影片。

b)用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等，以表示亲切和爱抚。如：

That"s the picture of the Dongfeng; she is a 10,000 - ton class ocean - 那是万吨远洋货轮东风号的照片。

The dog waved his tail when he saw his 那狗看见主人就摇尾巴。

c)北有时可用来代替小孩(child)和婴儿(baby)。如：

The child smiled when it saw its 小孩见到母亲就笑了。

d) they可用来代替一般的人，特别在"they say"中。如：

They say there"s going to be another good harvest this 人们说今年又是个丰收年。

2023年12月四级试卷第9篇

Part Ⅰ Writing

Good Communication Is the Best Policy

The relationship between parents and children is an eternal and universal topic for Our relationship with parents might be different at different And foryoung people at their 20s, I think it will more depend on what children

The reason why I say so is that as we grow up, our parents who were our idols beforegradually get old and even However hard efforts they make, they could notcatch up with our steps, leading to the so-called invisible generation gap between Thus, if we cannot slow down our pace, there will definitely be an awkward silencebetween parents and us, which is not rare As a result, we young people should talkmore with parents to share our feelings and to know each other

Everyone wants loving parents who are open and Only through frequentcommunication with each other can we establish such a harmonious relationship withour

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

D) Her little

B) By selling lemonade and

B) Providing clean energy to five million

C) They can be laid right on top of existing

C) Endless fighting in the

D) To find evidence of the existence of the "lost lions".

A) Lions"

D) Her "lucky birthday".

A) Threw her a surprise

C) The trip her husband has

B) He is eager to learn how the couple"s holiday turns

D) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a

A) They know when to

B) They learn

C) Get to know the other

A) How space research benefits people on

C) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer

B) They are extremely

C) It marked the beginning of something

D) They believed in working for

B) Doing needlework by the

A) Sit down and try to calm

C) You may expose yourself to unexpected

A) Walk

D) Inform somebody of your

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：KDMOA FHICB

36-45：IECDB HGFAJ

46-55：DCACB DAACB

Part IV Translation

Located in western Shandong province, Mount Tai stands over 1500 meters above sealevel and covers an area of about 400 square It is a renowned mountainwhich is not only spectacular but also of historical and cultural Pilgrimshave been visiting Mount Tai for the last over 3000 In recorded history, 72 emperors once came here to make a Mount Tai has seen many writers who havetraveled here for inspiration to make poems and Artists also come herefor That explains why Mount Tai features numerous cultural relics and It has now become one of the leading tourist attractions in

2023年12月四级试卷第10篇

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to besthandle the relationship between parents and You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) Her

B) Her

C) Her friend

D) Her little

A) By taking pictures for

B) By selling lemonade and

C) By working part time at a

D) By asking for help on social

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) Testing the efficiency of the new solar

B) Providing clean energy to five million

C) Generating electric power for passing

D) Finding cheaper ways of highway

A) They are made from cheap

B) They are only about half an inch

C) They can be laid right on top of existing

D) They can stand the wear and tear of natural

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) The lack of clues about the

B) Inadequate funding for

C) Endless fighting in the

D) The hazards from the

A) To observe the wildlife in the two national

B) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and

C) To identify the reasons for the lions"

D) To find evidence of the existence of the "lost lions".

A) Lions"

B) Lions

C) Some camping

D) Traps set by local

Section B

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) A special gift from the

B) Her wedding

C) A call from her

D) Her "lucky birthday".

A) Threw her a surprise

B) Took her on a trip

C) Bought her a good

D) Gave her a big model

A) What her husband and the man are up

B) What has been troubling her

C) The trip her husband has

D) The gift her husband has

A) He wants to find out about the couple"s holiday

B) He is eager to learn how the couple"s holiday turns

C) He will tell the women the secret if her husband

D) He will be glad to be a guide for the couple"s holiday

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) They take the rival"s attitude into

B) They know when to adopt a tough

C) They see the importance of making

D) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a

A) They know when to

B) They know how to

C) They know when to make

D) They know how to control their

A) They are

B) They learn

C) They are good at

D) They uphold their

A) Clarify items of

B) Make clear one"s

C) Get to know the other

D) Formulate one"s

Section C

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) How space research benefits people on

B) When the International Space Station was

C) How many space shuttle missions there will

D) When America"s earliest space program

A) They tried to make best use of the latest

B) They tried to meet astronauts" specific

C) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer

D) They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting

A) They are expensive to

B) They are extremely

C) They were first made in

D) They were invented in the

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) Everything was natural and genuine

B) People had plenty of land to cultivate

C) It marked the beginning of something

D) It was when her ancestors came to

A) They were known to be

B) They enjoyed living a life of

C) They had all kinds of

D) They believed in working for

A) Chatting with her

B) Doing needlework by the

C) Furnishing her country

D) Polishing all the silver

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) Sit down and try to calm

B) Call your family or friends for

C) Use a map to identify your

D) Try to follow your footprints

A) You may end up entering a

B) You may get drowned in a sudden

C) You may expose yourself to unexpected

D) You may find a way out without your knowing

A) Walk

B) Look for

C) Start a

D) Wait

A) Check the local

B) Find a map and a

C) Prepare enough food and

D) Inform somebody of your

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passagewith ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choicesgiven in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through You may not use any of the words in the bank more than

A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, butthese creatures have some 26 skills that could help the treatment of human

Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in along line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help Despitehaving a brain no bigger than the 28 of your index finger, pigeons have a veryimpressive 29 Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be asaccurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in

Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but this long-tailed animal ishighly 32 . Inside a rat"s nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 This gives rats the ability to detect33 As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB (肺结核). When therats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is

Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 This rat detection method doesn"t rely onspecialist It is also more accurate—the rats are able to find more TBinfections and, therefore, save more

A) associated B) examine C) indicate D) nuisance E) peak F) preventing G) prohibitingH) sensitive I) slight J) specify K) superior L) suspicious M) tip N) treated O)visual

Section B

Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?

Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than searchfor

[A] I have always been a poor So it may seem rather strange that I havereturned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades I ammaking my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quicklysupply the verbal answer while I am still processing the

[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kindare the most taxing and ultimately I have already sweated throughnumerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do theresearch, read the texts, and write it all In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm themorning it was To say I had lost the thread is putting it

[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material andguessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on presidents at Columbia, prefersthe in-class He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages themto form study "That way they socialize over history outside the class, whichwouldn"t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam," he explained, "Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, an essentialwork "

[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class In 20XX, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they hadcheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled "Introduction To " Somecolleges have what they call an "honor code," though if you are smart enough to getinto these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, Imomentarily wondered if I couldn"t just call an expert on the subject matter which I wastackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me

[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school"s professors to refrain from "Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limitedboundaries," she told "Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, andother assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and "

[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where onecould ask their older brothers and sisters to Vocational-type classes, such ascomputer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented andlend themselves to take-home Chris Koch, who teaches "History of BroadcastJournalism" at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out thatreporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute "In myfield, it"s not what you know—it"s what you know how to find out," says "There isway too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to Iwant my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resourcesavailable to "

[G] Students" test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject andcourse "I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research," says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior Then there is the stress Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, "I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there isimmediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stressas there is never a moment when the time is " Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomoreat Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true "If you understandthe material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be "

[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it muchharder than it needs to And then there those who, not knowing what questions arecoming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can And then there are werare folks who fit both those

[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of myinability to access the information as As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, "We are learning not only all this information, but essentially howto learn Our fellow students have just come out of high A lot has changedsince we were last in "

[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to When I asked his opinion on this matter, he responded, "I like in-class exams becausethe time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on atest," he It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the examquestions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class the tickingclock

[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently forher final exam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, "It is going to be apiece of " When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a blue book in Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and theyeach were given a

Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in

Some believe take-home exams may affect students" performance in

Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to

In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in

The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at

Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams moredifficult than they actually

Different students may prefer different types of

Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends ontype of course being

The author dropped out of college some forty years

Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free

Section C

Passage One

Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following

That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliarsurroundings is a phenomenon known as the "first-night" If a person stays in thesame room the following night they tend to sleep more Yuka Sasaki and hercolleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this

Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performancemight be affected the following She also knew from previous work conducted onbirds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so thatthey can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her towonder if people might be doing the same To take a closer look, her team studied35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university"sDepartment of Psychological The participants each slept in the department fortwo nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity oftheir Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their firstnight than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep andsleeping less During deep sleep, the participants" brains behaved in a similarmanner seen in birds and On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) oftheir brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres

Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process informationdetected in the surrounding environment, Sasaki re-ran the experiment whilepresenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of thesame tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the She worked outthat, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and wouldignore the regularly timed This is precisely what she

What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?

A) To what extent it can trouble

B) What role it has played in

C) What circumstances may trigger

D) In what way it can be

What do we learn about Yuka Sasaki doing her research?

A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while

B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same

C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and

D) She conducted studies on birds" and dolphins" sleeping

What did Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?

A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new

B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological

C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants"

D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human

What did Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?

A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on

B) She recorded participants" adaptation to changed

C) She exposed her participants to two different

D) She compared the responses of different

What did Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?

A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than

B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a

C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular

D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

It"s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in It willonly slow you down and hinder your career

Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as manywomen than men ages 18-44 reported feeling "very tired" or "exhausted", according to arecent

This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have It"s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and Onereason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "" Womenwant to be able to do it all— volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals—and sotheir answer to any request is often "Yes, I "

Women struggle to say "no" in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire tobe liked by their Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurtingwomen"s heath as well as their

At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women oftenavoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don"t want to be viewed asaggressive or disruptive at For example, there"s a problem that needs to beaddressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over who should be the one to fix Menare more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what"s theeasiest and quickest way to resolve the problem—even if that means doing the boringwork

This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promotedto a leadership position and who does Leaders have to be able to delegate andmanage resources wisely—including staff Shouldering more of the workloadmay not earn you that Instead, it may highlight your inability to

What does the author say is the problem with women?

A) They are often unclear about the career goals to

B) They are usually more committed at home than on the

C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could

D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their

Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?

A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and

B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a

C) They do their best to cooperate with their

D) They are obliged to take up too many

What may hinder the future prospects of career women?

A) Their unwillingness to say "no".

B) Their desire to be considered

C) An underestimate of their own

D) A lack of courage to face

Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in

A) women tend to be easily satisfied

B) men are generally more persuasive

C) men tend to put their personal interests first

D) women are much more ready to compromise

What is important to a good leader?

A) A dominant

B) The ability to

C) The courage to admit

D) A strong sense of

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet

泰山位于山东省西部。海拔1，500余米，方圆约400平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观，而且是一座历史文化名山，过去3，000多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。据记载，共有72位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感，写诗作文，艺术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹。泰山如今已成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。

2023年12月四级试卷第11篇

冠词分不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种，一般无句子重音。

1)不定冠词a，an

a) a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物中的"一个"，相当于汉语的"一"，但不强调数目观念。

b) a用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。如：anotebook一个笔记本，a cigarette一支香烟，an oldman一位老人，an English class一堂英语课。

字母u读作[ju:]时，由于第一个音[j]是辅音，故前面用a，不用an。如：a useful book一本有用的书，a university一所大学。字母h如不发音，第一个音又是元音，前面用an而不用a，如an hour[?n"au?]一小时，an honest [?n" nist] person一个诚实的人。

c) a和an在句中分别弱读作[E]和[En]。

2)定冠词the

a)表示某一类人或事物中的"某一个"或"某一些"，相当于汉语的"这"或"那"。

b)不论单数名词或复数名词，也不论可数名词或不可数名词，前面都可以用the。

c)在元音前读[Ti]，辅音前读[TE]。如the evening [Ti5:vniN] (傍晚)，the car [TEkB:] (汽车);在元音字母u发[ju:]和半元音字母。y发[j]时，仍读[?TE]。如the unit [TE5ju:nit] (单位)，theyard [TEjB:d] (院子)。

英语中不定冠词a (an)的用法

1)指一个人、动物或一件事物属于某一类。如：

Xiao Xu"s father is a 小徐的父亲是矿工。(而不是其他工种)

Give me a ballpen , 请给我一支圆珠笔。(而不是钢笔或其他种类)

2)指任何一个人、动物或一件事物。如：

A steel worker makes 钢铁工人炼钢。(意即任何一个钢铁工人都炼钢)

A triangle has three 三角形有三个角。(意即任何一个三角形都有三个角)

3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：

He comes from a firm in 他来自北京某一家公司。

A young man wants to see 有个青年人要见你。

A car stopped in front of the 一辆汽车停在大门前。

4)不定冠词还可指"事物的单位"，如"每日"、"每斤"等。如：

Butter is 4 yuan a 黄油四元钱一公斤。

He drove the car at 18 miles an 他行车速度为每小时十八英里。

The Chinese Export Commodities Fair is held in Guangzhou twice a 中国出口商品交易会每年在广州举行两次。

The doctor told him to take the medicine three times a 医生叫他一天吃三次药。

冠词分不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种，一般无句子重音。

1)不定冠词a，an

a) a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物中的"一个"，相当于汉语的"一"，但不强调数目观念。

b) a用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。如：a notebook一个笔记本，a cigarette一支香烟，anold man一位老人，an English class一堂英语课。

c) a和an在句中分别弱读作[E]和[En]。

2)定冠词the

a)表示某一类人或事物中的"某一个"或"某一些"，相当于汉语的"这"或"那"。

b)不论单数名词或复数名词，也不论可数名词或不可数名词，前面都可以用the。

英语中不定冠词a (an)的用法

1)指一个人、动物或一件事物属于某一类。如：

Xiao Xu"s father is a 小徐的父亲是矿工。(而不是其他工种)

Give me a ballpen , 请给我一支圆珠笔。(而不是钢笔或其他种类)

2)指任何一个人、动物或一件事物。如：

A steel worker makes 钢铁工人炼钢。(意即任何一个钢铁工人都炼钢)

A triangle has three 三角形有三个角。(意即任何一个三角形都有三个角)

3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：

He comes from a firm in 他来自北京某一家公司。

A young man wants to see 有个青年人要见你。

A car stopped in front of the 一辆汽车停在大门前。

4)不定冠词还可指"事物的单位"，如"每日"、"每斤"等。如：

Butter is 4 yuan a 黄油四元钱一公斤。

He drove the car at 18 miles an 他行车速度为每小时十八英里。

The Chinese Export Commodities Fair is held in Guangzhou twice a 中国出口商品交易会每年在广州举行两次。

The doctor told him to take the medicine three times a 医生叫他一天吃三次药。

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